Legal Pregnancy Interruption due to Sexual Violence in a Public Hospital in the South of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cases of all women who attend to a service of legal termination of pregnancy in cases of sexual violence in a public reference hospital and to identify the factors related to its execution. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study with information from medical records from January 2014 to December 2020. A total of 178 cases were included, with an evaluation of the data referring to the women who attended due to sexual violence, characteristics of sexual violence, hospital care, techniques used, and complications. The analysis was presented in relative and absolute frequencies, medians, means, and standard deviation. Factors related to the completion of the procedure were assessed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Termination of pregnancy was performed in 83.2% of the cases; in 75.7% of the cases, the technique used was the association of transvaginal misoprostol and intrauterine manual aspiration. There were no deaths, and the rate of complications was 1.4%. Gestational age at the time the patient's sought assistance was the determining factor for the protocol not being completed. Pregnancies up to 12 weeks were associated with a lower chance of the interruption not occurring (odds ratio [OR]: 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.88), while cases with gestational age > 20 weeks were associated with a greater chance of the interruption not happening (OR: 29.93; 95%CI: 3.91-271.50). CONCLUSION: The service studied was effective, with gestational age being the significant factor for resolution.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os casos de todas as mulheres que buscaram o serviço de interrupção legal da gestação em casos de violência sexual em um hospital público de referência, assim como identificar os fatores relacionados à realização do procedimento. MéTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal com informações de prontuários de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2020. Foram incluídos 178 casos, com avaliação dos dados referentes às mulheres atendidas, características da violência sexual, atendimento hospitalar, técnicas utilizadas e complicações. A análise foi apresentada em frequência relativa e absoluta, medianas, médias e desvio padrão. Fatores relacionados à realização do procedimento foram avaliados por meio de regressão logística binária. RESULTADOS: O procedimento de interrupção da gravidez foi realizado em 83,2% dos casos atendidos. Em 75,7% dos casos, a técnica utilizada foi a associação de misoprostol por via vaginal e aspiração manual intrauterina. Não houve óbitos e a taxa de complicações foi de 1,4%. A idade gestacional no momento da busca pela interrupção legal da gravidez foi o fator significativo pelo qual o protocolo não foi concluído. Gestações de até 12 semanas foram associadas a uma menor chance de não ocorrer a interrupção (odds ratio [OR]: 0,41; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 0,12­0,88), enquanto casos com idade gestacional > 20 semanas foram associados a uma maior chance de não ocorrer a interrupção (OR: 29,93; IC95%: 3,91­271,50). CONCLUSãO: O serviço estudado foi efetivo, sendo a idade gestacional o fator significativo para a resolutividade.

Legal Pregnancy Interruption due to Sexual Violence in a Public Hospital in the South of Brazil / Interrupção legal da gestação decorrente de violência sexual em um hospital público do Sul do Brasil

Abstract Objective To analyze the cases of all women who attend to a service of legal termination of pregnancy in cases of sexual violence in a public reference hospital and to identify the factors related to its execution. Methods Cross-sectional observational study with information from medical records from January 2014 to December 2020. A total of 178 cases were included, with an evaluation of the data referring to the women who attended due to sexual violence, characteristics of sexual violence, hospital care, techniques used, and complications. The analysis was presented in relative and absolute frequencies, medians, means, and standard deviation. Factors related to the completion of the procedure were assessed using binary logistic regression. Results Termination of pregnancy was performed in 83.2% of the cases; in 75.7% of the cases, the technique used was the association of transvaginal misoprostol and intrauterine manual aspiration. There were no deaths, and the rate of complications was 1.4%. Gestational age at the time the patient's sought assistance was the determining factor for the protocol not being completed. Pregnancies up to 12 weeks were associated with a lower chance of the interruption not occurring (odds ratio [OR]: 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.88), while cases with gestational age > 20 weeks were associated with a greater chance of the interruption not happening (OR: 29.93; 95%CI: 3.91-271.50). Conclusion The service studied was effective, with gestational age being the significant factor for resolution.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os casos de todas as mulheres que buscaram o serviço de interrupção legal da gestação em casos de violência sexual em um hospital público de referência, assim como identificar os fatores relacionados à realização do procedimento. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal com informações de prontuários de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2020. Foram incluídos 178 casos, com avaliação dos dados referentes às mulheres atendidas, características da violência sexual, atendimento hospitalar, técnicas utilizadas e complicações. A análise foi apresentada em frequência relativa e absoluta, medianas, médias e desvio padrão. Fatores relacionados à realização do procedimento foram avaliados por meio de regressão logística binária. Resultados O procedimento de interrupção da gravidez foi realizado em 83,2% dos casos atendidos. Em 75,7% dos casos, a técnica utilizada foi a associação de misoprostol por via vaginal e aspiração manual intrauterina. Não houve óbitos e a taxa de complicações foi de 1,4%. A idade gestacional no momento da busca pela interrupção legal da gravidez foi o fator significativo pelo qual o protocolo não foi concluído. Gestações de até 12 semanas foram associadas a uma menor chance de não ocorrer a interrupção (odds ratio [OR]: 0,41; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 0,12-0,88), enquanto casos com idade gestacional > 20 semanas foram associados a uma maior chance de não ocorrer a interrupção (OR: 29,93; IC95%: 3,91-271,50). Conclusão O serviço estudado foi efetivo, sendo a idade gestacional o fator significativo para a resolutividade.

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of invasive, noninvasive and colonizing group B Streptococcus isolates in southern Brazil.

Introduction: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a human commensal bacterium that is also associated with infection in pregnant and non-pregnant adults, neonates and elderly people. Gap Statement: The authors hypothesize that knowledge of regional GBS genetic patterns may allow the use of prevention and treatment measures to reduce the burden of streptococcal disease. Aim: The aim was to report the genotypic diversity and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of invasive, noninvasive urinary and colonizing GBS strains, and evaluate the relationships between these findings. Methodology: The study included consecutive and non-duplicated GBS isolates recovered in southern Brazil from 2015 to 2017. We performed multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and PCR analyses to determine capsular serotypes and identify the presence of the resistance genes mefA/E, ermB and ermA/TR, and also antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results: The sample consisted of 348 GBS strains, 42 MLVA types were identified, and 4 of them represented 64 % of isolates. Serotype Ia was the most prevalent (42.2 %) and was found in a higher percentage associated with colonization, followed by serotypes V (24.4 %), II (17.8 %) and III (7.8 %). Serotype V was associated with invasive isolates and serotypes II and III with noninvasive isolates, without significant differences. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin. GBS 2018/ hvgA was observed in 17 isolates, with 11 belonging to serogroup III. The Hunter-Gaston diversity index was calculated as 0.879. The genes mefA/E, erm/B and erm/A/TR were found in 45, 19 and 46 isolates. Conclusion: This report suggests that the circulating GBS belong to a limited number of genetic lineages. The most common genotypes were Ia/MT12 and V/MT18, which are associated with high resistance to macrolides and the presence of the genes mefA/E and ermA/TR. Penicillin remains the antibiotic of choice. Implementation of continuous surveillance of GBS infections will be essential to assess GBS epidemiology and develop accurate GBS prevention, especially strategies associated with vaccination.

Fatores associados à escolha da via de parto entre estudantes do curso de Medicina no Sul do Brasil / Factors associated with choice of birth delivery route among medical students in Southern Brazil

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à escolha da via de parto entre estudantes do curso de Medicina em uma universidade no Sul do país. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de Medicina da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul) ­ Tubarão, no período de julho a novembro de 2019. Resultados: Fizeram parte da pesquisa 423 alunos, homens e mulheres, dos aproximadamente 600 matriculados no período. A maioria dos alunos considerou o parto vaginal (PV) mais seguro, e 44,1% dos estudantes escolheriam essa via para si/sua companheira. O principal motivo pelo qual os alunos escolheram PV foi a "alta hospitalar precoce", e o principal motivo que levou à escolha de cesariana (PC) foi a "ausência de dor durante o parto". Houve associação entre renda mais baixa e a escolha do PV (p = 0,002). A via de parto pela qual o estudante nasceu também se associou com a que ele escolheria (p = 0,001). Ademais, houve significância estatística entre a via de parto que o aluno considerou mais segura e a que ele de fato escolheria (p = 0,001). Todas as alunas que já tiveram filhos realizaram PC. Conclusão: O fator mais relevante de escolha do PC foi a "ausência de dor durante o parto", enquanto do PV foi "alta hospitalar precoce".(AU)

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the choice of birth delivery route among medical students at a university in the south of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with medical students from the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul) ­ Tubarão, from July to November 2019. Results: Four hundred twenty three students took part in the research, men and women, out of the approximately 600 enrolled in the period. Most students considered vaginal delivery (VD) to be safer, and 44.1% of students would choose this route for their partner. The main reason why students chose VD was "early hospital discharge", and the main reason that led to the choice of cesarean section (CS) was "no pain during childbirth". There was an association between lower income and the choice of VD (p = 0.002). The route of delivery that the student was born was also associated with the one he would choose (p = 0.001). In addition, there was statistical significance between the route of delivery that the student considered safer with the one he would actually choose (p = 0.001). All female students who already had children underwent CS. Conclusion: The most relevant factor for choosing CS was "no pain during delivery", while for VD was "early hospital discharge".(AU)

Diagnostic yield of real-time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of intrapartum maternal rectovaginal colonization by group B Streptococcus: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Group B Streptococcus is the leading etiologic factor of neonatal sepsis. Intrapartum real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) may allow faster and more accurate detection of maternal colonization. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR when compared to the reference standard culture in selective broth media collected from rectovaginal tract from laboring women. We selected 15 studies that included 6368 women. Papers selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out by two independent researchers. The prevalence of maternal colonization was 23.8% by RT-PCR and 22.1% by culture. The meta-analysis demonstrated an RT-PCR sensitivity of 93.7% (CI 92.1-95.3), and specificity of 97.6% (CI 97.0-98.1). This result is above the cutoff point defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for clinical usefulness. In conclusion, RT-PCR for GBS screening in labor ward is a promising tool; however, further well-designed studies to justify its use are needed.

Prevalência de alterações mamográficas em uma série de exames realizados no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição no ano de 2012, em Tubarão/SC / Prevalence of mammographic changes in a series of tests performed in a hospital in south Brazil

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a principal neoplasia que acomete a população feminina, e a mamografia é o exame de rastreamento recomendado para realizar o diagnóstico precoce. A classificação BI-RADS avalia a necessidade de uma investigação complementar. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de alterações mamográficas e verificar a associação com a idade baseando-se na classificação BI-RADS. Métodos: Foram analisadas 5.978 mamas em pacientes de um hospital da região sul de Santa Catarina no ano de 2012. Foi estimada a prevalência dos achados por meio da classificação BI-RADS, além de analisar a associação com a idade, respeitando os aspectos éticos. Resultados: Observou-se que 85 % das mamas analisadas estavam dentro da normalidade, 12 % tinham laudos inconclusivos, e 37,5 % das mamas com alterações significativas eram em pacientes com idade menor que 50 anos. Conclusões: A maioria das alterações suspeitas foi encontrada em mulheres com mais idade. Entretanto, uma parcela importante das mamografias que necessitavam de avaliação complementar era de mulheres com menos de 50 anos de idade.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading form of cancer affecting the female population, and mammography is the screening test recommended to perform early diagnosis. The BI-RADS classifi cation assesses the need for additional investigation. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of mammographic changes and the association with age based on the BI-RADS classifi cation. Methods: We analyzed 5,978 breasts in patients at a hospital in the southern region of Santa Catarina in 2012. We estimated the prevalence of findings through the BI-RADS classification, in addition to analyzing the association with age, respecting ethical aspects. Results: 85% of the analyzed breasts were found to be normal, 12% had inconclusive reports, and 37.5% of the breasts with signifi cant changes were in patients younger than 50 years. Conclusions: Most of the suspicious changes were found in older women. However, a signifi cant portion of mammograms that required further evaluation were from women under 50.

Paralisia obstétrica de plexo braquial: revisão da literatura / Obstetrics brachial plexus palsy: literature review

Paralisia obstétrica é uma lesão do plexo braquial ao nascimento. Em nosso meio, sua prevalência não é conhecida, mas as disfunções do membro comprometido são muitas vezes frequentes e duradouras. Distócia de ombro é definida como a necessidade de manobras para o desprendimento dos ombros, ou um intervalo maior que 60 segundos entre a saída da cabeça e a dos ombros, estando relacionada a 50% doscasos de lesão do plexo braquial. A maioria dos casos ocorre na ausência de fatores de risco. As manobras de assistência ao parto com distócia de ombro devem ser treinadas e memorizadas. A abordagem da lesão braquial deve ser multidisciplinar. Fisioterapia, reconstrução microcirúrgica do plexo, correção de deformidades articulares secundárias e transposições musculares são empregadas com sucesso. O papel do tratamento conservador e operatório deve ser regularmenterevisado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a paralisia obstétrica do plexo braquial.

Obstetric palsy is a brachial plexus injury at birth. In our country, its prevalence is unknown, but the dysfunction of the affected limb are frequent and often long lasting. Shoulder dystocia is defined as the need to maneuver to the delivery of the shoulders, or a range greater than 60 seconds between deliveryng the head and shoulders. It is related to 50% of cases of brachial plexus injury. Most cases occur in the absence of risk factors. The maneuvers of assisted childbirth with shoulder dystociashould be trained and stored. The approach of the brachial injury must be multidisciplinary. Physiotherapy, microsurgical reconstruction of the plexus, secondary correction of joint deformities and muscle transpositionsare employed successfully. The role of conservative treatment and surgical procedures should be regularly reviewed. The aim of this study was performed a literature review about obstetrics brachial plexus palsy.

Candidíase vaginal recorrente: manejo clínico / Recurrent vaginal candidiasis: clinical management

A candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) é patologia extremamente frequente, atingindo 75% das mulheres em alguma fase da vida. Cerca de 5% delas terão candidíase vulvovaginal recorrente (CVVR), definida como quatro ou mais episódios a cada 12 meses. Apesar de existirem fatores de risco conhecidos, a maioria dos episódios ocorre na sua ausência. Com base na apresentação clínica, microbiologia e fatores do hospedeiro, ela é classificada em complicada e não-complicada. Um espectro de sintomas comuns a outras patologias, e a ausência de métodos rápidos, simples e baratos de diagnóstico, tornam seu manejo um desafio, mesmo para os mais experientes. O exame padrão-ouro para confirmar a infecção é cultura em meio específico. O presente estudo tem por objetivo revisar os métodos diagnósticos da CVV e descrever o manejo da CVVR.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an extremely frequent pathology, affecting 75% of women in some phase of life. About 5% of them will have recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), defined as four or more episodes every 12 months. In spite of known risk factors, most of the episodes happen in its absence. Based on the clinical presentation microbiology and factors of the host, it is classified in complicated and non-complicated. A spectrum of symptoms common to other pathologies, and the absence of fast, simple and inexpensive methods of diagnosis, turns it into a challenge even for experts. The gold standard exam to confirm the infection is a culture in specific medium. The present study has the objective of revising the diagnosis methods of VVC and to describe the management of RVVC.